UNIT 2

UNIT 2

UNIT 2

SINGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian doctor who explored the workings of the human mind. He developed psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was four, his family moved to Vienna, Austria. Freud entered the University of Vienna when he was 17.One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated that he made up his mind to become a doctor.

Freud became interested in diseases of the mind. In 1885, he won a

fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin Chariot, who was famous for his work on this kind of diseases. The next year, Freud returned to Vienna, married, and began to treat diseases of the mind.

Freud has great insight into the human mind .He thought that every person is born whit certain needs, he said, are unconscious - people are not a ware of thinking a bout such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and said that person's id operates to give pleasure.

Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around us. We continue to grow, and from the teaching of our family and society, we develop a superego- a conscience. Our superego and id often push in opposite ways. Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get pleasure without "hurting " our conscience.

But if a person unconscious thoughts and needs are very strong, they may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud's treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud thoughts that dreams - even dreams that seem to make no sense- are a very important clue to understanding the mind.

Glossary

Explore : menyelidiki

Neurosis : ganguan mental                                                                                                                  

 Disturbances : gangguan

Fascinated : tertarik, terpesona

Diseases : penyakit

Fellowship : beasiswa

Insight : perhatian, wawasan

Unconscious : tidak sadar

Id : keinginan, nafsu

Ego : tindakan untuk mendapatkan keinginan

Superego : norma (yang mengontrol tindakan/ego)

Pleasure : kesenangan

Infancy : masa kecil

Acquire : mendapatkan

Uncovering : menemukan

Developed : membangun

Thought : berpikir

Lecturer : dosen

Exercise 1

Answer these following questions based on the above text,

1.When was Sigmund Freud born?

He was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia on 1856

2. How old did he die?

He died when he was 83 years old

3.What was he concerned whit?

He was concerned with explored the working of human mind

4.When did he join University? What major did he study?

When he was 17. The major he did study was a doctor ( diseases of mind )

5.Why did he want to be a doctor?

Because he was so fascinated that he made his mind up to become a doctor

6.Who is jean martin chariot?

Jean Martin, who was famous for his work on this kind of diseases

7.  According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs .Why did he say so?

Freud said food and drink are unconscious needs because every person is born with certain needs, he said, are unconscious-people are not aware of thinking about such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious need the id, and Freud said that person’s id operate to give pleasure.

8. These needs, he sad, are unconscious - people are no aware of thinking

about such needs. What does "dash" (-)" mean? Explain what unconscious is

9.  Mention the examples of conscious needs and don't forget to explain each.

Nature is what we are consciously aware at certain times, such as direct sensing, memory, thoughts

10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Explain by giving examples of each?

Id = a wish or longing                                                                                           

EXAMPLE :  an increase in hunger or thirst should produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink

superego = something which controlling an act                                                                       

 EXAMPLE : warn and ban because the food was not hers, taking items that do not belong is not  good or sinful.

go = an act to get desire   

EXAMPLE : started to organize themselves. His position became difficult, ego-driven id (lust) to satisfy immediate needs (eating food) in any way, while the super-ego forbade him to act because of its moral basis.