Synonym Unit 5

 Synonym

 

Complaint                   : Plaint,Grievane.  (keluhan)

Address to                    : Point out, indicate.  (menunjukan)

Accuse                         : Accuse.  (menuduh)

Stealing                       : Burglar, housebreaker.  (mencuri)

Vow                             : Promise, Appoinment.  (berjanji)

Features                       : Characteristic, Identifying.  (ciri-ciri)

Suicide                         : Selfmurder.  (bunuh diri)

Appetite                      : Taste. (nafsu makan)

Ailments                      : Sick, Ill, Disease.  (penyakit)

Trigger                         : Cause, Motive, Reason.   (menyebabkan)

Vice versa                   :  Opposite, Other way.   (sebaliknya)

Predisposition             : affective. (kecendrungan)

Disturb                        :  Annoy, Bother.  (mengganggu)

Lack                            : Less, Decreased, Minus. (kekurangan)

Inability                       : Skill, capability.  (kemampuan)

Overwhelming             : Exuberate, More.  (berlimpahan)

Recognize                   : Characterise, Detect.  (mengenali)

Evidence                     : Proof. (bukti)

Synonym Unit 4

Synonym

Discover           : Find, Catch in.  (menemukan)
Reducing          : Decreased, Abated.  (berkurang)
Eliminate         : Seperate, Ignore, Reject.  (menghapuskan, melenyapkan, menyisihkan)
Gradually         :  Postpone, Delay.  (menunda)
Compliment    : Commend, Praise.  (memuji)
Effort              : Try (usaha, upaya)
Require            : Wanted, necessary, needful.  (memerlukan, membutuhkan, mengharuskan)

Synonym Unit 2

 Synonym

 

Explore : Roam.  (menyelidiki, menjelajahi)

Disturbances : Obstacle, Hindrance.  (gangguan/halangan/rintangan)

Fascinated : Charming, Glamor.  (terpesona)

Diseases : Sick, Ill, Ailment.  (penyakit)

Fellowship : Schoolarship.  (beasiswa)

Insight : Concept, Perception, Knowledge.  (wawasan)

Unconscious : Coma, Fainted, Keel. (tidak sadar)

Id : Wish, Hope, Eager.  (keinginan/nafsu)

Ego : Selfish.  (tindakan untuk mendapatkan keinginan)

Pleasure : Happiness, Favorite, Fun, Fondness. (kesenangan)

Infancy : Childhood. (masa kecil)

Acquire : Get, Have, be Able, be Obtained.  (mendapatkan)

Uncovering : Take apart, Frisked.  (membongkar/menggeledah)

Developed : Build, Established.  (membangun/mendirikan)

Thought : Idea, Concept.  (berpikir)

Lecturer : Teacher, Instructor (dosen,pengajar)

Synonym Unit 1

Glossary

 

Behavior                : Habit, Act.  (tingkah laku)

Attention               : Interest, Notice.  (perhatiaan)

Mankind                : Human, Man, People, Person.    (orang)

Remains                : Stay, Still.    (tetap)

Manifestation         : Shape, Formed.  (perwujudan)

Investigatin           : Research, Observe.    (penyelidikan, penelitian)

Although               : Eventhough, Nevertheless.  (walaupun/meskipun)

Continuity             : Fluency.    (kelancaran)

compares              : Collate, Contrast.  (membandingkan)

defined                  : Illustrated. (digambarkan/ditetapkan/dirumuskan)

Including               : Mencakup/termasuk

Growth                  : Development   (Pertumbuhan)

 

 

UNIT 5

UNIT 5

CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION

“Nobody likes me” is a commong complaint in middle childhood, when children tend to be popularity conscious. But when these words were addressed to a school principal by an 8-year old boy in florida whose classmate had accused him of stealing from the teacher’s purse, it was a danger signal. The boy vowed that he would never return to school and he never did. Two days later, he hanged him self by a belt from the top rail of his bunk bed.

Fortunately, depressed children rarely go to such lengths, though suicideamong young people is on the increase. How can we tell the difference between a harmless period of the “blues” (which we all experience at times) and a major affective disorder that is, a disorder of mood? The basic symptoms of an affective disorder are similar from childhood, by some features are age-spesific (9dsm III-r, 1987)

Friendlessness is only one sign of childhood depression. This disorder is also characterized by inability to have fun or to concentrate, and by and absence of normal emotional reactions. Depressed children are frequently tired, extremely active, or inactive. They walk very little, cry a great deal, have trouble concentrating, sleep to much or too little, lose their appetite, start doing poorly in school, look unhappy, complain of physical ailments, feel overwhelmingly guilty, suffer severe separation anxiety (which may take the form of the school phobia), or think often about death or suicide. Any four or five of these symptoms may support a diagnosis of depression, especially when they represent a marked change from the child’s usual pattern. Parents do not always recognize “minor” problems like sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and irritability as signs of depression, but children themselves are often able to describe how they feel.

No one is sure of the exact cause of depression in children or adults. There is some evidence for a biochemical predisposition, which may be trigged by specific experiences. Depression school age-children are children likely to lack social and academic competence, but it is not clear whether incompetence causes depression or vice versa. The parents or depressed children are morelikely to be depressed themselves, suggesting a possible genetic factor, a reflection of general stress in ill families, or the result of poor parenting practices by disturbed parents.

Glossary

Complaint                   : keluhan

Address                       : menunjukan

Accuse                         : menuduh

Stealing                       : mencuri

Vow                            : berjanji

Features                       : ciri-ciri

Suicide                         : bunuh diri

Appetite                      : nafsu makan

Ailments                      : penyakit

Trigger                         : menyebabkan

Vice versa                   : sebaliknya

Predisposition             : kecendrungan

Disturb                        : mengganggu

Lack                            : kekurangan

Inability                       : kemampuan

Overwhelming             : berlimpahan

Recognize                   : mengenali

Represent                    : menghadirkan

Evidence                     : bukti

Exercise 1

1.      What happen when 5-year old children say “Nobody likes me”?

They will come and tell to their parents

2.      What happen when 10-year old children say “Nobody likes me”?

Actually they will afraid to going to school to see their friends

3.      What will the children do when they get depression?

The children will get stress and probably they will suicide them self

4.      Why do the children get depression?

When they feel friendlessness because they got accused by their friends

5.      When the children are accused by their friends, will they get depression?

Yes they will, because in deep inside of their heart or their mentality won’t accept it. they are just 5 years old.

6.      What is (are) the symptom (s) of childhood depression?

 Any four or five of these symptoms may support a diagnosis of
depression, especially when they represent a marked change from the child's
usual pattern. Parents do not always recognize "minor" problems like sleep
disturbances, loss of appetite, and irritability as signs of depression, but
children themselves are often able to describe how they feel.

7.      What happens to the parents when their children get depression?

They try to help their child to give them a good advices

UNIT 1

UNIT 1

PSYHOCOLOGY AT A GLANCE

 

Psychology studies the activities of individual .The science of human behaviors is actually a group of sciences .On one side we find psychology investigating the organs and cells that do the work of the organism ,and the other side we see the social sciences studying nations and groups of mankind. There is room for a middle science that shall focus its attention on the individual. That middle science is psychology. Psychology studies the individual's activities through-out his span of life, from the beginning before birth, up through the end of life .During this life history, the Man remains the same individual, although his behavior shows continuity along whit

many changes. Psychology. Compares children and adults ,the normal and the abnormal and the human and the animal. It is interested in the differences between one individual and another, and still more interested, if possible, in the general laws of activity including event of very different individuals-laws, for example, of growth learning, thinking and emotion. Psychology can be defined as the science of the individual's activities.

The word "activity" is used here in a broad sense .It includes not only motor activities like walking and speaking but also cognitive (knowledgegetting) activities like seeing ,hearing ,remembering ,thinking ,and other emotional activities like laughing and crying, or feeling happy or sad. These last may seem passive, because they are activities, for they depend on the life of the organism .Any manifestation of life can be called an activity .No matter how passive an individual may seem to himself in watching a game or listening to music, he is really carrying on an activity. The only way to be completely in active is to be dead.

 

Glossary

 

Behavior          : tingkah laku

Attention          : perhatiaan

Mankind          : orang

Remains          : tetap

Defined            : diartikan, didefinisikan

Manifestation  : perwujudan

Investigatin    : menyelidiki

Nation             : bangsa

Although         : walaupun/meskipun

Continuity       : kelancaran

compares         : bandingkan

defined             : digambarkan/ditetapkan/dirumuskan

Exercise 1

Answer these following questions !

 

1. What is psychology ?

2. Name some individual activities.

3. Give example(s) of motor, cognitive, and emotional activities.

4. Is listening to music a kind activity ?why ?Why not?

5. What is meant by: the science of human behavior is actually a group of sciences?

6. When do we call an individual completely inactive?

7. The word "activity" is used in a very broad of sense .What does it mean?

8. What kind of activity is happening when you write a letter to your girl or boy friend? 

9. Why do we study human behavior?

10. What causes the differences between individuals?

 

Answer Exercise 1

1. Psychology is the study of human behavior in relation to the environment.

 

2. Writing, Sleeping, and Driving.

 

3.  Motor activities: Walking, Speaking, and Running.

Cognitive activities: Seeing, Hearing, and Thinking.

Emotional activities: Crying, Laughing, and Mad.

4. Listening to music is a kind of activity, because no matter how passive it is, he/she

    really carrying on an activity.

5. On one side we find psychology investigating the organs and cells that do the work of

     the organism ,and the other side we see the social sciences studying nations and

     groups of mankind. 

6. When someone's dead

 

7. Activity in the sense widely is a series of processes and behaviors such as walking,

    talking, crying, laugh.not only motorik but also cognitive.

 

8. It’s a motor activity

 

9. We must study human behavior because we can know the nature-human nature itself  

    and the idea that every human has different properties depending on environmental

    and social.

 

10. It causes of growth, learning, environment, thinking and emotion.

UNIT 2

UNIT 2

UNIT 2

SINGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian doctor who explored the workings of the human mind. He developed psychoanalysis, which is both a way treating neurosis, or mental disturbances, and a theory of how the mind works.

Freud was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia. When he was four, his family moved to Vienna, Austria. Freud entered the University of Vienna when he was 17.One day he attended a lecture on nature. He was so fascinated that he made up his mind to become a doctor.

Freud became interested in diseases of the mind. In 1885, he won a

fellowship to study in Paris under the guidance of a doctor, Jean Martin Chariot, who was famous for his work on this kind of diseases. The next year, Freud returned to Vienna, married, and began to treat diseases of the mind.

Freud has great insight into the human mind .He thought that every person is born whit certain needs, he said, are unconscious - people are not a ware of thinking a bout such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious needs the id, and said that person's id operates to give pleasure.

Freud also said that, as we grow up from infancy, we acquire an ego, a collection of memories and thoughts that help us deal with the word around us. We continue to grow, and from the teaching of our family and society, we develop a superego- a conscience. Our superego and id often push in opposite ways. Our ego usually reduces this conflict by helping us to get pleasure without "hurting " our conscience.

But if a person unconscious thoughts and needs are very strong, they may cause unusual behavior, or neurosis. Freud's treatment for neurosis is psychoanalysis (examination of the mind), a method for uncovering these unconscious thoughts and understanding how they cause problems, Freud thoughts that dreams - even dreams that seem to make no sense- are a very important clue to understanding the mind.

Glossary

Explore : menyelidiki

Neurosis : ganguan mental                                                                                                                  

 Disturbances : gangguan

Fascinated : tertarik, terpesona

Diseases : penyakit

Fellowship : beasiswa

Insight : perhatian, wawasan

Unconscious : tidak sadar

Id : keinginan, nafsu

Ego : tindakan untuk mendapatkan keinginan

Superego : norma (yang mengontrol tindakan/ego)

Pleasure : kesenangan

Infancy : masa kecil

Acquire : mendapatkan

Uncovering : menemukan

Developed : membangun

Thought : berpikir

Lecturer : dosen

Exercise 1

Answer these following questions based on the above text,

1.When was Sigmund Freud born?

He was born in Moravia, now part of Czechoslovakia on 1856

2. How old did he die?

He died when he was 83 years old

3.What was he concerned whit?

He was concerned with explored the working of human mind

4.When did he join University? What major did he study?

When he was 17. The major he did study was a doctor ( diseases of mind )

5.Why did he want to be a doctor?

Because he was so fascinated that he made his mind up to become a doctor

6.Who is jean martin chariot?

Jean Martin, who was famous for his work on this kind of diseases

7.  According to Freud, food and drink are unconscious needs .Why did he say so?

Freud said food and drink are unconscious needs because every person is born with certain needs, he said, are unconscious-people are not aware of thinking about such needs. Freud named the part of mind controlling these instinctive unconscious need the id, and Freud said that person’s id operate to give pleasure.

8. These needs, he sad, are unconscious - people are no aware of thinking

about such needs. What does "dash" (-)" mean? Explain what unconscious is

9.  Mention the examples of conscious needs and don't forget to explain each.

Nature is what we are consciously aware at certain times, such as direct sensing, memory, thoughts

10. What do id, ego, and superego mean? Explain by giving examples of each?

Id = a wish or longing                                                                                           

EXAMPLE :  an increase in hunger or thirst should produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink

superego = something which controlling an act                                                                       

 EXAMPLE : warn and ban because the food was not hers, taking items that do not belong is not  good or sinful.

go = an act to get desire   

EXAMPLE : started to organize themselves. His position became difficult, ego-driven id (lust) to satisfy immediate needs (eating food) in any way, while the super-ego forbade him to act because of its moral basis.